Before applying for a loan, a mortgage or a credit line: what they see about you

In short: anyone deciding on a loan, a mortgage or a credit line looks at three families of data: the private credit information systems (SIC: CRIF/EURISC, Experian, CTC), the Bank of Italy's Centrale dei Rischi (credit register) and the public registers (protests, adverse records, insolvency proceedings, Companies Register (Registro Imprese) and Land Registry (Catasto)). You can request the first two for free yourself, because you are the data subject; the third is visible to anyone, and you can see it right away with Veryfy.

Which data does the person deciding on a loan, a mortgage or a credit line look at?

Three families of data, with different sources and access rules: the private credit databases (SIC), the Bank of Italy's Centrale dei Rischi and the public registers. You have a free right of access to the first two; the third is public by definition.

• Private SIC (CRIF/EURISC, Experian, CTC): fed by banks and finance companies with the history of loans and reports of regular, late or unpaid payments. Reserved for the participants and the data subject.
• Centrale dei Rischi (Bank of Italy): database of the debts of households and businesses to the banking and financial system, fed by intermediaries with information on loans and guarantees. Reserved for intermediaries and the data subject.
• Public registers: the Registro informatico dei protesti (protest register kept by the Chambers of Commerce), adverse records (pregiudizievoli) from the Conservatoria (Agenzia delle Entrate), insolvency proceedings, Registro Imprese (Companies Register) and Catasto (land registry). Anyone with a reason to check you can see them.

Who sees what: the bank, the finance company, the supplier, the landlord?

Only banks and financial intermediaries consult the SIC and the Centrale dei Rischi; a supplier, a landlord or a customer sees only the public registers. That is why it is worth checking those first: they are the only data about you that anyone can see, not only those who lend you money.

The levels do not overlap: a protest sits in the public registers, a late instalment sits in the SIC; you can be "clean" in one and flagged in the other. What weighs in the bank's assessment is explained in what the bank looks at before granting a loan, a mortgage or a credit line.

How do you know if you are flagged as a bad payer in the SIC?

By requesting your data from CRIF, Experian and CTC: for an individual, access is free, with a signed form and an identity document, and CRIF and CTC state a reply within 30 days. "Bad payer" (cattivo pagatore) is not an official category: the SIC hold reports of late or unpaid payments, with retention periods set by the Code of Conduct.

• CRIF (EURISC): online form, signed, with identity documents; you receive a summary of loans in place, closed, pending, refused or waived, with the payment reports.
• Experian: "access to the data is granted free of charge also to the persons registered"; downloadable form from the website, to be sent signed to the Consumer Service with a document and tax code (codice fiscale).
• CTC (Consorzio per la Tutela del Credito): signed application with a document and tax code, from the Customer Area or by certified email (PEC); reply "no later than 30 days from receipt of the request".

The Code of Conduct for credit information systems, approved by the Data Protection Authority (Garante privacy) on 12 September 2019, sets the maximum retention periods: requests under review, 180 days; delays later regularised, 12 months if they did not exceed two instalments or months, 24 months if they did; unregularised defaults, up to 36 months from the contractual deadline; positive information, up to 60 months from the end of the relationship. The same Code (art. 9) lets you exercise your rights against the provider or the bank that sent the data, with a reply within one month. The procedure is in how to know if you are flagged as a bad payer; exit times are in CRIF deletion: timing and how it works.

How do you consult your data in the Bank of Italy's Centrale dei Rischi?

Free of charge, through the Bank of Italy's online services portal for citizens, with SPID, CNS or CIE: since 13 April 2026 it is the only online channel provided, with a reply normally within 30 days. Without a digital identity, you present the form downloadable from the website, with a copy of an identity document, at a Bank of Italy branch (Filiale), by post or by hand delivery; legal entities access through their legal representative. There is no score: the document lists the loans and guarantees reported in your name by intermediaries. For how to read it, see Centrale dei Rischi: how to consult your data.

How do you immediately see the public data that anyone checking you sees?

With a self-check: you declare the purpose "Check myself" (Verifica su me stesso) in the individual funnel, and Verifica Persona (€29) shows you the protests from the Protest Register (Registro informatico dei protesti), adverse records (only their presence and, if available, their number: they exist only if you own property) and insolvency proceedings in your name, with source and date. Verifica Persona Estesa (€49) adds offices in other companies, shareholdings and properties registered in your name (Catasto, national search): the same scope a third party sees when checking you. The check is declarative: you declare that the tax code is yours. The institutional routes remain open, source by source: a protest register extract (visura) from the Chambers of Commerce (each protest remains visible for five years, unless cancelled or rehabilitated: see how to know if you have protests in your name), a free mortgage inspection of your own properties at the Agenzia delle Entrate, and a Companies Register extract for a few euros. Veryfy adds no data beyond the public data: it brings it together in one go.

If you are applying for credit for your company, banks and suppliers see the company's filed financial statements, shareholders, directors, beneficial owner, protests and proceedings. In the company funnel you declare the purpose "My company" and how much you would like to request (credit line, payment terms or loan): the Verifica report (€19) compares the amount with the estimated operating credit line and shows a rating (limited companies only), warning signals (net equity below two-thirds of share capital or negative, financial statements filed more than 18 months earlier, company incorporated less than 12 months ago, protests, proceedings), shareholders, directors and beneficial owner. Check your company, or start from Negative records (€5.90: only protests and the presence of proceedings, by email). Details in what banks and suppliers see about your company.

What no check tells you, and what Veryfy does not do

No check tells you whether the bank will grant you the loan: the decision remains with the institution. Veryfy does not access the SIC or the Centrale dei Rischi, does not see late instalments, loans or reports, and does not show whether a company is active, ceased or in liquidation. It shows you the public data, with source and date, so that you can read it before the person assessing you does. If you are about to act as guarantor for someone else, first read can I act as guarantor if I am flagged?.

The guides in this cluster

• How to know if you are flagged as a bad payer: the request to the SIC.
• Centrale dei Rischi: how to consult your data: portal and how to read it.
• How to know if you have protests in your name and how to cancel them.
• CRIF deletion: timing and how it works.
• What the bank looks at before granting a loan, a mortgage or a credit line.
• What banks and suppliers see about your company.
• Can I act as guarantor if I am flagged?
• Protest and adverse-record extract on a person: the mortgage inspection.
• Protests, adverse records and insolvency proceedings: the three items explained.